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ʻO ke kila kila he pūʻulu o nā ferrous alloys i loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi ma kahi o 11% chromium, kahi mea e pale ai i ka hao mai ka ʻōpala a hāʻawi pū i nā waiwai pale wela. 1.00%), nitrogen, aluminika, silicon, sulfur, titanium, nickel, copper, selenium, niobium, a me molybdenum.Specific type of stainless steel is often designated by their AISI three-digit number, eg, 304 stainless.Hoʻopaʻa inoa ka maʻamau ISO 15510 i nā hui kemika o nā kila kila o nā kikoʻī i nā kūlana ISO, ASTM, EN, JIS, a me GB (Chinese) i loko o kahi papa hoʻololi pono.
ʻO ke kū'ēʻana o ke kila kila i nā hopena mai ka heleʻana o ka chromium i loko o ka'āpana, i hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni e hoʻomalu i ka mea i lalo mai ka hoʻouka kauaʻana, a hiki ke ho'ōla iā ia iho ma ke alo o oxygen. :
1. hoʻonui i ka chromium ma mua o 11%.
2. hoʻohui i ka nickel ma kahi o 8%.
3. hoʻohui i ka molybdenum (ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kū'ē ʻana i ka pitting corrosion).
ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka nitrogen e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka pitting corrosion a hoʻonui i ka ikaika mechanical. No laila, nui nā māka o ke kila kila me nā ʻano chromium a me ka molybdenum like ʻole e kūpono i ke kaiapuni e pono ai ke alo.
ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻinoʻino a me ka ʻili ʻana, ka mālama haʻahaʻa, a me ka luster maʻamau e hana i ke kila kila i mea kūpono no nā noi he nui kahi e koi ʻia ai ka ikaika o ke kila a me ka pale ʻana.Eia kekahi, hiki ke ʻōwili ʻia ke kila kila i loko o nā ʻāpana, nā papa, nā kaola, uea, a me nā paipu.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea i loko o nā mea kuke, nā mea ʻoki, nā mea ʻokiʻoki, nā mea hana nui, nā kaʻa, nā mea hana i loko o nā hale nui, nā mea hana ʻoihana (e laʻa, ma nā wili pepa, nā mea kanu kemika, mālama wai), a me nā pahu mālama a me nā pahu pahu no nā kemika a me nā huahana meaʻai.ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o ka mea, ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka mahu a me ka sterilized, a me ka nele o ka pono o ka uhi ʻana o ka ʻili i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kila kila i loko o nā lumi kuke a me nā mea kanu meaʻai.
ʻO Austenitic stainless steel ka ʻohana nui loa o nā kila kila, ʻoi aku ma kahi o ʻelua hapakolu o nā mea hana kila kila (e nānā i nā kiʻi hana ma lalo).Loaʻa iā lākou kahi microstructure austenitic, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ke aniani cubic cubic structure. .No laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻakikī ʻia nā kila stainless austenitic e ka mālama wela no ka mea ua loaʻa iā lākou ka microstructure like i nā mahana āpau.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia nā kila kila Austenitic i ʻelua mau pūʻulu, 200 series a me 300 series:
ʻO 200 series he chromium-manganese-nickel alloys e hoʻonui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka manganese a me ka nitrogen e hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nickel.Ma muli o kā lākou hoʻohui nitrogen, loaʻa iā lākou ma kahi o 50% kiʻekiʻe ka ikaika o ka hoʻoulu ʻana ma mua o 300 series stainless sheets of steel.
Hiki ke paʻakikī ke ʻano 201 ma o ka hana anu.
ʻO ke ʻano 202 he kila kuhili ʻole.ʻO ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka nickel content a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka manganese e hopena i ke kūpaʻa ʻino.
ʻO ka moʻo 300 he mau chromium-nickel alloys e hoʻokō i kā lākou microstructure austenitic kokoke wale nō e ka nickel alloying;ʻO kekahi mau māka i hui pū ʻia me ka nitrogen e hōʻemi i nā koi nickel.ʻO 300 ka pūʻulu nui loa a hoʻohana nui ʻia.
ʻAno 304: ʻO ka papa kaulana loa ʻo Type 304, i ʻike ʻia ʻo 18/8 a me 18/10 no kāna haku ʻana o 18% chromium a me 8%/10% nickel, kēlā me kēia.
ʻAno 316: ʻO ka lua o ka austenitic stainless steel maʻamau ʻo Type 316. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o 2% molybdenum e hāʻawi i ka kūʻē ʻoi aku i nā waikawa a me ka corrosion localized i hana ʻia e nā ions chloride.ʻO nā ʻano kalapona haʻahaʻa, e like me 316L a i ʻole 304L, loaʻa nā mea kalapona ma lalo o 0.03% a hoʻohana ʻia e pale i nā pilikia corrosion i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka wili.
Hiki ke mālama ʻia nā kila kuhili martensitic e hāʻawi i nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi aʻe.
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela he ʻekolu mau ʻanuʻu:
Austenitizing, kahi e wela ai ke kila i kahi mahana ma ka laulā 980–1,050 °C (1,800–1,920 °F), ma muli o ka papa.ʻO ka hopena o ka austenite he ʻano aniani cubic i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke alo.
Ke kinai ana.Hoʻololi ʻia ka austenite i martensite, kahi ʻano kristal tetragonal paʻakikī i ke kino.ʻO ka martensite kinai ʻia he paʻakikī a palupalu loa no ka nui o nā noi.Hiki ke waiho ʻia kekahi koena austenite.
ʻO ka hoʻohenehene.Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ʻo Martensite ma kahi o 500 °C (932 °F), paʻa i ka mahana, a laila hoʻoluʻu ea.ʻO nā mahana wela kiʻekiʻe e hoʻemi i ka ikaika a me ka ikaika tensile hope akā e hoʻonui i ka elongation a me ke kū'ē hopena.
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