Ke kila kila: SS304, SS304L, SS316, SS316L, SS303, SS630
Ke kila kalapona: 35CrMo, 42CrMo, ST-52, Ck45, hao hao;ST-37, S235JR, C20, C45, 1213, 12L14 kila kalapona;
Ke kila kila: GS52
Ka hao: GG20, GG40, GGG40, GGG60
Pākuʻi keleawe: C36000, C27400, C37000, CuZn36Pb3, CuZn39Pb1, CuZn39Pb2
Aluminum huila: AlCu4Mg1, AlMg0.7Si, AlMg1SiCu, EN AW-2024, EN AW-6061, EN AW-6063A.
Pākīpika: DERLIN, Nylon, Teflon, POM, PMMA, PEEK, PTFE
ʻO ka mīkini mahiʻai e pili ana i nā hale mīkini a me nā mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mahiʻai a i ʻole nā mahiʻai ʻē aʻe.Nui nā ʻano o ia mea, mai nā mea hana lima a me nā mea hana mana a hiki i nā traktor a me nā ʻano mea mahiʻai he nui a lākou e huki ai a hana paha.Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano mea like ʻole i ka mahiʻai organik a me ka nonorganic.Ma muli o ka hiki ʻana mai o ka mahiʻai mechanized, ʻo ka mīkini mahiʻai kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka hānai ʻana i ka honua.
Me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka Industrial Revolution a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mīkini paʻakikī, ua lele nui nā ʻano mahiʻai i mua.[1] Ma kahi o ka ʻohi ʻana i ka palaoa ma ka lima me ka pahi ʻoi, ua ʻoki ʻia nā mīkini huila i kahi pā mau.Ma mua o ka ʻohi ʻana i ka palaoa ma ka hahau ʻana me ka lāʻau, ua hoʻokaʻawale nā mīkini ʻohi i nā hua mai nā poʻo a me nā ʻōpala.Ua ʻike ʻia nā tractor mua i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19.
ʻO ka mana no nā mīkini mahiʻai i hoʻolako mua ʻia e ka bipi a i ʻole nā holoholona ʻai ʻē aʻe.Me ka mea hou o ka mana mahu i hiki mai ai ka enekini hikiwawe, a mahope mai ka enekini traction, he multipurpose, mobile ikehu kumu i lilo ai ka hoahanau kokolo honua i ka locomotive mahu.Ua lawe nā ʻenekini mahu mahiʻai i ka hana huki kaumaha o nā bipi, a ua hoʻolako pū ʻia me kahi pulley e hiki ai ke hoʻohana i nā mīkini paʻa ma o ke kāʻei lōʻihi.He haʻahaʻa ka mana o nā mīkini i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mahu e nā maʻamau o kēia lā akā, ma muli o ko lākou nui a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i kahi huki huki huki nui.ʻO kā lākou wikiwiki wikiwiki i alakaʻi i ka poʻe mahiʻai i ka ʻōlelo ʻana he ʻelua ka wikiwiki o nā tractor: "slow, and damn slow."
ʻO ka ʻenekini puhi ahi i loko;ʻo ka mua ka ʻenekini petrol, a ma hope o nā ʻenekini diesel;lilo i kumu nui o ka mana no ka hanauna hou o ka tractor.Ua kōkua pū kēia mau ʻenekini i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mea hoʻoulu ponoʻī, hui ʻia a me ka thresher, a i ʻole hui ʻohi ʻohi (hoʻopōkole pū ʻia i 'hui').Ma kahi o ka ʻoki ʻana i nā ʻōpala palaoa a lawe aku iā lākou i kahi mīkini hehi paʻa, ua hui pū kēia mau mea i ʻoki, ʻoki, a hoʻokaʻawale i ka palaoa me ka neʻe mau ʻana ma ke kula.
Ua lawe ʻia paha ka ʻohi ʻana mai nā tractors, akā ke hana mau nei nā tractor i ka hapa nui o nā hana ma kahi mahiʻai hou.Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e pahu/huki i nā mea hana—nā mīkini mahiʻai i ka lepo, kanu i nā hua, a hana i nā hana ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻomākaukau nā mea mahiʻai i ka lepo no ke kanu ʻana ma ka wehe ʻana i ka lepo a me ka pepehi ʻana i nā mauʻu a i ʻole nā mea kanu hoʻokūkū.ʻO ka mea kaulana loa ʻo ia ka palau, ka mea hana kahiko i hoʻonui ʻia i ka makahiki 1838 e John Deere.ʻAʻole hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā palau ma US ma mua o ka wā ma mua, me nā disks offset i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka lepo, a hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hohonu e pono ai e mālama i ka makū.
ʻO ke ʻano mea kanu maʻamau ka mea i kapa ʻia he mea kanu, a hoʻokaʻawale like i nā hua ma nā lālani lōʻihi, ʻelua a ʻekolu paha kapuaʻi ke kaʻawale.Ua kanu ʻia kekahi mau mea kanu e nā wili, e hoʻopuka ana i nā hua ʻoi aku ka nui ma nā lālani ma lalo o hoʻokahi kapuaʻi ke kaʻawale, e uhi ana i ke kula me nā mea kanu.Hoʻololi nā mea kanu i ka hana o ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu i ke kula.Me ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka mulch plastic, nā papa mulch plastic, nā mea hoʻololi, a me nā mea kanu e waiho i nā lālani lōʻihi o ka plastic, a kanu ma ia mau mea.
Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mīkini mahiʻai ʻē aʻe e like me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ponoʻī no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā pesticides.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sprayer mahiʻai kahi ʻano e pale ai i nā mea kanu mai ka nāhelehele me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā herbicides, fungicides, a me nā insecticides.ʻO ka pīpī ʻana a i ʻole ke kanu ʻana i kahi mea kanu uhi kahi ala e hoʻohui ai i ka ulu mauu.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kanu Hay balers e hoʻopaʻa paʻa i ka mauʻu a i ʻole alfalfa i loko o kahi ʻano mālama no nā mahina hoʻoilo.Ke hilinaʻi nei ka irrigation hou i nā mīkini.ʻO nā enekinia, nā pamu a me nā mea hana kūikawā ʻē aʻe e hāʻawi koke i ka wai a ma nā puke kiʻekiʻe i nā wahi nui o ka ʻāina.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano mea like ʻole e like me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe mahiʻai e hāʻawi i nā mea kanu a me nā pesticides.
Ma waho aʻe o ka tractor, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā kaʻa ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mahiʻai, me nā kaʻa, nā mokulele, a me nā helikopa, e like me ka lawe ʻana i nā mea kanu a me ka hana ʻana i nā lako kelepona, i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ea a me ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona.
ʻO nā ʻāpana lāʻau me ka mālama ʻeleʻele
Ke kalapona kila
ʻO nā ʻāpana hoʻolei kila no ka mīkini lole